Community-level functional traits of alpine vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens after long-term experimental warming

Seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition causes decline of bryophytes and lichens in alpine meadow and heath communities

1 Seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition causes decline of bryophytes and 1 lichens in alpine meadow and heath communities 2 3 Authors: Juha M. Alatalo*, Annika K. Jägerbrand and Ulf Molau 4 a Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, SE-621 67 5 Visby, Sweden; b VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 55685, 6 102 15 Sto...

Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden

This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the can...

the effects of keyword and context methods on pronunciation and receptive/ productive vocabulary of low-intermediate iranian efl learners: short-term and long-term memory in focus

از گذشته تا کنون، تحقیقات بسیاری صورت گرفته است که همگی به گونه ای بر مثمر ثمر بودن استفاده از استراتژی های یادگیری لغت در یک زبان بیگانه اذعان داشته اند. این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر دو روش مختلف آموزش واژگان انگلیسی (کلیدی و بافتی) بر تلفظ و دانش لغوی فراگیران ایرانی زیر متوسط زبان انگلیسی و بر ماندگاری آن در حافظه می پردازد. به این منظور، تعداد شصت نفر از زبان آموزان ایرانی هشت تا چهارده ساله با...

the effect of functional/notional approach on the proficiency level of efl learners and its evaluation through functional test

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

6. Vascular plants 7 7. Lichens 8